الفقه الأكبر
ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ
ﻭاﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ اﻹﻗﺮاﺭ ﻭاﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺇﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﻭاﻷﺭﺽ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ ﻭاﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭاﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻭاﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ.
ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭاﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ
ﻭاﻻﺳﻼﻡ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻭاﻹﻧﻘﻴﺎﺩ ﻷﻭاﻣﺮ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭاﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻼ اﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﻼ ﺇﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻭاﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﺳﻢ ﻭاﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻭاﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭاﻟﺸﺮاﺋﻊ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ.
ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ
ﻧﻌﺮﻑ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺣﻖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ اﺣﺪ اﻥ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻌﺒﺪﻩ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ اﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻮﻱ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭاﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ ﻭاﻟﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﻭاﻟﻤﺤﺒﺔ ﻭاﻟﺮﺿﺎء ﻭاﻟﺨﻮﻑ ﻭاﻟﺮﺟﺎء ﻭاﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻳﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ اﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ.
ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎء ﻭاﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻥ ﻭاﻟﺤﻮﺽ
ﻭاﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﻔﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻮاﺏ ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻑ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﺟﺒﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺗﻔﻀﻼ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻋﺪﻻ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﻔﻮ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺷﻔﺎﻋﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺣﻖ ﻭﺷﻔﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺬﻧﺒﻴﻦ ﻭﻷﻫﻞ اﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﺟﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻘﺎﺏ ﺣﻖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻭﺯﻥ اﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﻖ ﻭﺣﻮﺽ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭاﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺣﻖ.
اﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻭاﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻨﻴﺎﻥ
ﻭاﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﺼﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﻖ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻟﻬﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻄﺮﺡ اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺣﻖ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻭاﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻭاﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺘﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﺪا ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﻨﻰ ﻋﻘﺎﺏ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﺛﻮاﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺪا ﻭاﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﻬﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺸﺎء ﻓﻀﻼ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺸﺎء ﻋﺪﻻ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﺿﻼﻟﻪ ﺧﺬﻻﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ اﻟﺨﺬﻻﻥ اﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻮﻓﻖ اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺿﺎﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﻝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻛﺬا ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺬﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺼﻴﺔ.
ﻋﺬاﺏ اﻟﻘﺒﺮ
ﻭﻻ ﻳﺠﻮﺯ اﻥ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﺐ اﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ ﻗﻬﺮا ﻭﺟﺒﺮا
ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻳﺪﻉ اﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺤﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻳﺴﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ
ﻭﺳﺆاﻝ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ ﻭﻧﻜﻴﺮ ﺣﻖ ﻛﺎﺋﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺒﺮ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ اﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﺮﻩ ﺣﻖ ﻭﺿﻐﻄﺔ اﻟﻘﺒﺮ ﻭﻋﺬاﺑﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻛﺎﺋﻦ ﻟﻠﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻋﺼﺎﺓ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﻖ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء ﺫﻛﺮﻩ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﺰ اﺳﻤﻪ ﻓﺠﺎﺋﺰ اﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻯ اﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﺠﻮﺯ اﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ (ﺑﺮﻭﻯء ﺧﺪ) ﺃﻱ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺑﻼ ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ.
ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻭاﻟﺒﻌﺪ
ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻗﺮﺏ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻃﻮﻝ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻗﺼﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻜﺮاﻣﺔ ﻭاﻟﻬﻮاﻥ ﻭاﻟﻤﻄﻴﻊ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻼ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻭاﻟﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻼ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻭاﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻭاﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻭاﻹﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻲ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﻮاﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻭاﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻳﻴﻦ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﻼ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ.
اﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ اﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ
ﻭاﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﻭﺁﻳﺎﺕ اﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻭاﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ اﻻ اﻥ ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺁﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ ﻷﻥ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﻼﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﻋﻈﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺼﺔ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﻫﻢ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﻭاﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ ﻭاﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻻ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ.
ﺃﺑﻨﺎء ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺗﻪ
ﻭﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﻭﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺇﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﺑﻨﻲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺯﻳﻨﺐ ﻭﺃﻡ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ ﻛﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺇﺫا ﺃﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺷﻲء ﻣﻦ ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻪ اﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﻮاﺏ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ اﻟﻰ اﻥ ﻳﺠﺪ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﻌﻪ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺬﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻒ ﻭﺧﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺮاﺝ ﺣﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺩﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺒﺘﺪﻉ ﺿﺎﻝ.
ﺃﺷﺮاﻁ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ
ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺝ اﻟﺪﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﻳﺄﺟﻮﺝ ﻭﻣﺂﺟﻮﺝ ﻭﻃﻠﻮﻉ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﺮﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺑﻪ اﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺣﻖ ﻛﺎﺋﻦ ﻭاﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﻬﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺸﺎء ﺇﻟﻰ ﺻﺮاﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ.