الفقه الأبسط
ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺣﻤﻪ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﺎ ﺑﻐﻴﺮ ﺣﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺮﻕ اﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻭ ﻓﺠﺮ اﻭ ﻓﺴﻖ اﻭ ﺯﻧﻰ اﻭ ﺷﺮﺏ اﻭ ﺳﻜﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﺳﻖ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺬﺑﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺪاﺙ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﺨﺮﺟﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ اﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺣﻤﻪ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻣﻦ ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ اﻻ اﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ اﻋﺮﻑ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻭﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺃﻣﺮﺳﻼﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻡ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺳﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ اﻫﻮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻭ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ {ﻭاﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﻔﺮﻭا ﻟﻬﻢ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﻮﺗﻮا}
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ {ﻭﻟﻬﻢ ﻋﺬاﺏ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ}
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ {ﻭﻟﻬﻢ ﻋﺬاﺏ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ}
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺣﻤﻪ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺑﻠﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻨﺰﻝ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻓﺄﺧﺒﺮﻧﻲ ﻋﻤﻦ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﻞ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﻳﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎء ﻋﺬﺑﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎء ﺭﺣﻤﻪ.
ﺃﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺠﺤﺪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺭﺿﻲ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻤﺺ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮا اﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﻳﺤﺞ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﻳﺠﺎﻫﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﻭﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺯﻛﺎﺗﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬا ﻟﻪ اﻟﻨﺎﺭ
ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺤﺞ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺯﻛﺎﺗﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻧﻪ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺭﺟﻮ ﻟﻪ ﻭاﺧﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ
ﻓﻘﺎﻝ اﻟﻔﺘﻰ ﻳﺎ اﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ اﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺸﻚ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻹﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻲء
ﺛﻢ ﻣﻀﻰ اﻟﻔﺘﻰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮاﺩﻱ اﺣﺪ اﻓﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺘﻰ
ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﺗﻞ اﻫﻞ اﻟﺒﻐﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻐﻲ ﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻭﻛﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﺌﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻭاﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻫﻞ اﻟﺒﻐﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ اﻫﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﺎﺳﺪﻭﻥ ﻇﺎﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻴﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﻨﻮﻧﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻏﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺰﻟﻬﻢ ﻭاﺧﺮﺝ اﻟﻰ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ {ﺃﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻭاﺳﻌﺔ ﻓﺘﻬﺎﺟﺮﻭا ﻓﻴﻬﺎ}
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ {ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺿﻲ ﻭاﺳﻌﺔ ﻓﺈﻳﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﻋﺒﺪﻭﻥ}.
ﻭﺟﻮﺏ اﻟﻬﺠﺮﺓ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ
ﻗﺎﻝ اﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺣﻤﻪ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﻲ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ (ﺇﺫا ﻇﻬﺮﺕ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻄﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﺒﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺭﺑﻚ)
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻳﺨﺎﻑ اﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻻ ﻳﺨﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻟﻪ اﺟﺮ ﺳﺒﻌﻴﻦ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺎ.
ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ اﻟﻌﻠﻮ
ﻗﺎﻝ اﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ اﻋﺮﻑ ﺭﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء اﻭ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﻔﺮ ﻭﻛﺬا ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺮﺵ ﻭﻻ اﺩﺭﻱ اﻟﻌﺮﺵ ﺃﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء اﻭ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺭﺽ ﻭاﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻋﻠﻰ ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺻﻒ اﻟﺮﺑﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭاﻷﻟﻮﻫﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻲء ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ اﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ اﺗﻰ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺔ ﺳﻮﺩاء ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺘﻖ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺃﻓﺘﺠﺰﻯء ﻫﺬﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻣﺆﻣﻨﺔ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻦ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﻓﻘﺎﻝ اﻋﺘﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﺔ.