کتاب اصول شاشی [ترکمنی]
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ اﻟﻤﺮاﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻌﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ اﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ ﻭاﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻪ
ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ {ﻓﺴﺠﺪ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺟﻤﻌﻮﻥ}
ﻓﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻓﺎﻧﺴﺪ ﺑﺎﺏ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ (ﻛﻠﻬﻢ) ﺛﻢ ﺑﻘﻲ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻓﺎﻧﺴﺪ ﺑﺎﺏ اﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﺟﻤﻌﻮﻥ
ﻭﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﺫا ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ ﻓﻼﻧﺔ ﺷﻬﺮا ﺑﻜﺬا ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻓﺒﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﻬﺮا ﻓﺴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮاﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا ﻣﺘﻌﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻨﻜﺎﺡ
ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻔﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺘﺎﻉ ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻧﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ اﻷﻟﻒ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻕ
ﻓﺒﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺒﺪ اﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺘﺎﻉ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﺘﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺺ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ اﻟﻤﺎﻝ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﺒﺾ اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﻭ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﻉﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻟﻔﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻗﺮاﺭ ﻧﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﺪ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻓﺈﺫا ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻛﺬا ﻳﺘﺮﺟﺢ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺺ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﻧﻘﺪ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻧﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻛﺬا ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا ﻧﻈﺎﺋﺮﻩ- / 3 ﺑﺤﺚ اﻟﺨﻔﻲ ﻭاﻟﻤﺸﻜﻞ ﻭاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻞ ﻭاﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺎ اﺯﺩاﺩ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺮ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺠﻮﺯ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﺃﺻﻼ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ {ﺃﻥ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻋﻠﻴﻢ}
{ﺇﻥ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻈﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ}
ﻭﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻗﺮاﺭ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻔﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺰﻭﻣﻪ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا ﻧﻈﺎﺋﺮﻩ
ﻭﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺮ ﻭاﻟﻤﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻣﺤﺎﻟﺔ