ﻓﺼﻞ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ اﻟﻌﻄﻒ

ﻓﻤﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻄﻒ ﻣﻜﻴﻼ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺯﻭﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﺫا ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻔﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻗﻔﻴﺰ ﺣﻨﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ اﻟﻌﻄﻒ ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ اﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ اﻟﺠﻨﺲ
ﻭﻛﺬا ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺛﻮاﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺩﺭاﻫﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻋﺒﺪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ اﻟﺠﻨﺲ ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﻫﻤﺎ
ﺑﺨﻼﻑ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺛﻮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺷﺎﺓ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺋﺔ
ﻭاﺧﺘﺺ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻄﻒ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻤﻜﻴﻞ ﻭاﻟﻤﻮﺯﻭﻥ
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺭﺡ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺷﺎﺓ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺛﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا اﻷﺻﻞ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ

ﻓﺼﻞ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ اﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ

ﻭﻫﻮ اﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺠﻮﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ
ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا ﺑﻄﻞ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻞ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺦ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ
ﻭﻻ ﻳﺠﻮﺯ اﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻋﻦ اﻹﻗﺮاﺭ ﻭاﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭاﻟﻌﺘﺎﻕ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ
ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻔﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻗﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺯﻳﻮﻑ
ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﺼﺢ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻻ
ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ اﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺡ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺢ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻭﺻﻞ
ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻔﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻤﻦ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻋﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻢ ﺃﻗﺒﻀﻬﺎ ﻭاﻟﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻟﻬﺎ
ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ اﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﺑﻲ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺡ ﻷﻥ اﻹﻗﺮاﺭ ﺑﻠﺰﻭﻡ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺇﻗﺮاﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﻼﻙ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﺇﺫ ﻟﻮ ﻫﻠﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻳﻨﻔﺴﺦ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻻﺯﻣﺎ