کتاب اصول شاشی [ترکمنی]
اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ
(ﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ) ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ اﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﻭاﻟﺤﺼﻰ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ
ﺧﺒﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻖ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭاﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ
ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻃﺎﻋﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻃﺎﻉ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﺮ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺤﺚ اﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﻭاﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭاﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻭاﻟﻤﺠﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ اﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺏ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺛﺒﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭاﺗﺼﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ
ﻭﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺻﺎﺭ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ
1 - ﻗﺴﻢ ﺻﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺗﺮ
2 - ﻭﻗﺴﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺿﺮﺏ اﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮﺭ
3 - ﻭﻗﺴﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺷﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ اﻵﺣﺎﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻛﻮﻥ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺗﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻲ
ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺗﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺗﻮاﻓﻘﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺬﺏ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺗﻬﻢ ﻭاﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﻚ ﻫﻜﺬا ﺃﻣﺜﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺇﻋﺪاﺩ اﻟﺮﻛﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ اﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ
ﻭاﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻵﺣﺎﺩ ﺛﻢ اﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻭاﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺗﻠﻘﺘﻪ اﻷﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺗﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ اﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﻚ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻒ ﻭاﻟﺮﺟﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺏ اﻟﺰﻧﺎ
ﺛﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺗﺮ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﺩﻩ ﻛﻔﺮا
ﻭاﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻄﻤﺄﻧﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺪﻋﺔ
ﻭﻻ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﻤﺎ