کتاب اصول شاشی [ترکمنی]
اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﺞ اﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻧﻌﺪاﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ اﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻭاﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺼﻠﻮﺓ ﻭاﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺑﻌﺜﻪ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ
(ﺑﻢ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ) ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﻝ
(ﻓﺎﻥ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺠﺪ) ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ
(ﻓﺎﻥ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺠﺪ)
ﻗﺎﻝ اﺟﺘﻬﺪ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻲ ﻓﺼﻮﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ اﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﻟﻠﻪ اﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺐ ﻭﻳﺮﺿﺎﻩ
ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺧﺜﻌﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﺗﺖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺨﺎ ﻛﺒﻴﺮا ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ اﻟﺤﺞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮاﺣﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺰﺋﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼﻡ (ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻴﻚ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﻀﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺠﺰﺋﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻠﻰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼﻡ
ﻓﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺃﺣﻖ ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻰ)
اﻟﺤﻖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼﻡ اﻟﺤﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻟﻔﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ اﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﺔ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻮاﺯ ﻭﻫﻲ (اﻟﻘﻀﺎء) ﻭﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﺤﺚ اﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
1 - ﻭﺭﻭﻯ اﺑﻦ اﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺩاﺕ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺎء ﺭﺟﻞ اﻟﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺒﻲ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺲ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﺄ
ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
2 - ﻭﺳﺌﻞ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﻦ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺇﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﻢ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻬﺮا ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﻬﻞ ﺷﻬﺮا ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ
ﺃﺟﺘﻬﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻲ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻮاﺑﺎ ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻤﻦ اﺑﻦ ﺃﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺭﻯ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻭﻛﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻄﻂ