ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﻠﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭاﻹﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ
اﺫا ﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺤﺎﻝ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻳﺘﻘﺎﺿﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ اﻗﺘﺮﻥ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﻳﻀﺎﻑ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻻ ﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ اﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﺑﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﺔ
ﻭﻧﻈﻴﺮﻩ اﺫا ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﻓﻘﻴﺮا ﺩﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻈﻦ ﺃﻥ اﻹﻋﻄﺎء ﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﺮ ﻭﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﺜﻮاﺏ
اﺫا ﻋﺮﻑ ﻫﺬا ﻓﻨﻘﻮﻝ اﺫا ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ اﻗﺘﺮﻥ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ اﻟﻈﻦ ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﺻﻒ
ﻭﻏﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻈﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﺗﻮﺟﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻧﻌﺪاﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮ اﺫا ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﺎء ﻟﻢ ﻳﺠﺰ ﻟﻪ اﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻱ
ﻭﺣﻜﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻕ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻷﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﻮاﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﻈﻦ ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻈﻦ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻄﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻕ
ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا ﻛﺎﻥ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﻉ اﻷﻭﻝ ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺰﻛﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻪ ﻭاﻟﻨﻮﻉ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺰﻛﻴﺔ
ﻭاﻟﻨﻮﻉ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﺭ