کتاب اصول شاشی [ترکمنی]
ﺛﻢ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ اﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺬﺭ اﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﺗﻴﺴﺮا ﻟﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﻠﻒ
ﻭﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻣﻊ اﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ اﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﻭﻳﺪاﺭ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ
ﻭﻣﺜﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺎﺕ اﻟﻨﻮﻡ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ اﻟﺤﺪﺙ ﺳﻘﻂ اﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﺙ ﻭﻳﺪاﺭ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ اﻟﻨﻮﻡ
ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺨﻠﻮﺓ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ اﻟﻮﻁء ﺳﻘﻂ اﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﻁء ﻓﻴﺪاﺭ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻖ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ اﻟﻤﻬﺮ ﻭﻟﺰﻭﻡ اﻟﻌﺪﺓ
ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ اﻟﻤﺸﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﺳﻘﻂ اﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﻘﺔ ﻭﻳﺪاﺭ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺃﻥ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻟﻮ ﻃﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻃﺮاﻑ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺘﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪاﺭ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ اﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻓﻄﺎﺭ ﻭاﻟﻘﺼﺮ
ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯا ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ
ﻓﺈﻥ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺐ ﻭاﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻳﻨﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ
ﻓﺈﻥ اﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﺗﺠﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻨﺚ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭاﻟﻌﺘﺎﻕ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯا ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ
ﻷﻥ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻭاﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ اﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ